The topic "JHFS+" refers to the Journaled HFS Plus file system, which was the primary file system used in macOS until it was replaced by the Apple File System (APFS) in macOS High Sierra (10.13). Given that JHFS+ is outdated and APFS is now the standard, this article will focus on APFS, its importance, and how to manage it in the macOS environment.

APFS is designed to improve performance, reliability, and security. It is optimized for solid-state drives (SSDs) and supports features like snapshots, cloning, and strong encryption. Understanding how to manage APFS is crucial for macOS users to maintain their system's efficiency and security.

Examples:

1. Creating an APFS Volume: To create a new APFS volume, you can use the Disk Utility app or the diskutil command in Terminal.

   Using Disk Utility:

   • Open Disk Utility from the Applications > Utilities folder.
   • Select the APFS container you want to add a volume to.
   • Click the "+" button above the volume list.
   • Name your new volume and choose the desired format (APFS, APFS (Encrypted), etc.).
   • Click "Add".

   Using Terminal:

   diskutil apfs addVolume disk1 APFS NewVolumeName

2. Converting HFS+ to APFS: If you have an existing HFS+ volume, you can convert it to APFS without losing data.

   Using Terminal:

   diskutil apfs convert /dev/disk1s1

3. Creating a Snapshot: Snapshots allow you to capture the state of your file system at a specific point in time.

   Using Terminal:

   tmutil localsnapshot

4. Mounting and Unmounting APFS Volumes: You can mount and unmount APFS volumes using the diskutil command.

   Mounting:

   diskutil mount disk1s1

   Unmounting:

   diskutil unmount disk1s1

5. Checking APFS Volume Status: To check the status and details of an APFS volume, use the diskutil command.

   Using Terminal:

   diskutil info /dev/disk1s1