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How to Configure a Web Server on Linux

Configuring a web server is a fundamental skill for any Systems Engineer working in a Linux environment. Web servers are essential for hosting websites, applications, and services. This article will guide you through the process of setting up a web server on a Linux system using Apache, one of the most widely used web server software. We will cover installation, basic configuration, and how to serve a simple web page.

Examples:

  1. Installing Apache Web Server: Apache is available in the default package repositories for most Linux distributions. You can install it using the package manager specific to your distribution.

    For Debian-based systems (like Ubuntu):

    sudo apt update
sudo apt install apache2

    For Red Hat-based systems (like CentOS):

    sudo yum install httpd

  2. Starting and Enabling Apache: Once installed, you need to start the Apache service and enable it to start on boot.

    For Debian-based systems:

    sudo systemctl start apache2
sudo systemctl enable apache2

    For Red Hat-based systems:

    sudo systemctl start httpd
sudo systemctl enable httpd

  3. Configuring the Firewall: Ensure that your firewall allows HTTP and HTTPS traffic.

    For systems using ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall):

    sudo ufw allow 'Apache'
sudo ufw status

    For systems using firewalld:

    sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

  4. Creating a Simple Web Page: By default, Apache serves files from the /var/www/html directory. You can create a simple HTML file to test your server.

    echo "<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
   <title>Welcome to Your Web Server</title>
</head>
<body>
   <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
   <p>This is a simple web page served by Apache on Linux.</p>
</body>
</html>" | sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html

  5. Testing Your Web Server: Open a web browser and navigate to http://your_server_ip. You should see the "Hello, World!" message, indicating that your web server is up and running.

  6. Configuring Virtual Hosts: For hosting multiple websites on a single server, you can configure virtual hosts.

    Create a new configuration file for your site:

    sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/your_site.conf

    Add the following content, adjusting the paths and domain names as needed:

    <VirtualHost *:80>
   ServerAdmin webmaster@your_domain.com
   ServerName your_domain.com
   ServerAlias www.your_domain.com
   DocumentRoot /var/www/your_domain
   ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
   CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

    Enable the new site and reload Apache:

    sudo a2ensite your_site.conf
sudo systemctl reload apache2

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Linux Apache Web Server HTTP HTTPS systemctl ufw firewalld Virtual Hosts HTML Configuration

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